Sumit Kumar · Kleuton A. L. Lima · Raphael M. Tromer · Dipanwita Mitra · Saswata Goswami · Surbhi Slathia · Marcelo L. Pereira Júnior · Michael E. Mcconney · Ajit K. Roy · Saikat Talapatra · Mauricio Terrones · Douglas S. Galvão · Chandra S. Tiwary
The autonomous and real-time ion monitoring in wearables demands sustainable materials capable of self-powered and ion sensing (especially Na and K). The alteration of such ions causes severe health issues such as neurological dysfunction, cardiac arrhythmias, or metabolic disorders. Here, we introduce 2D biotite as a natural multifunctional material that unifies ion sensing and energy harvesting in a single material platform. The surface charges and high surface-to-volume ratio of 2D biotite make it highly sensitive and selective to electrolytes ions. The 2D biotite-based flexible TENG generated output voltages ranging from ±10.4 to ±24.3 V over a frequency range of 1–10 Hz and 1–6 V human-motion harvesting, confirming wearable self-powered capability. Density functional theory and non-equilibrium Green’s function simulations validated the performance hierarchy based on adsorption energetics and charge transfer. The current–voltage curves demonstrate that simulation results reproduce the same trend observed experimentally. The sequence follows NaOH/biotite > KOH/biotite > NaCl/biotite > KCl/biotite > CaCl2/ biotite > pure biotite, as seen in the experimental data as well. The work positions natural 2D biotite as a scalable, tunable, and eco-benign platform for next-generation self-powered smart wearable systems with multiple applications ranging from medical diagnostics to ion sensing and efficient energy generators.
ACS Applied Electronic Materials, 2026 · Fator de impacto 4,7.
DOI 10.1021/acsaelm.6c00747